finance

loan-to-value ratio

The loan-to-value ratio, or LTV, compares the loan amount to the property's value, using the lower of the purchase price or appraised value, expressed as a percentage. A higher LTV means less borrower equity and more risk to the lender. On conventional loans, an LTV above 80 percent typically requires private mortgage insurance. LTV also affects interest rates and loan eligibility.

Exam tip
Use the lower of sale price or appraised value. The formula is loan amount divided by value; 100 minus LTV equals the down payment percentage.
Example
A home sells for $300,000 but appraises at $290,000; a $261,000 loan gives an LTV of $261,000 / $290,000, or 90 percent.

Related terms & state variants

Sources

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Last verified: 2026-10-23