closing

certificate of title

A certificate of title is a written opinion, usually by an attorney or title company, stating that after examining the public records, title to the property appears to be vested in a named owner and listing any liens or encumbrances found. It is based only on recorded documents, so it does not protect against hidden defects such as forgery or unknown heirs. Title insurance provides that additional protection.

Exam tip
A certificate of title is an opinion, not a guarantee. If asked what protects against undiscovered defects, the answer is title insurance.
Example
After reviewing the records, an attorney issues a certificate of title stating the seller owns the home subject to one recorded mortgage.

Related terms & state variants

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Last verified: 2026-10-23