property
principal meridian
A principal meridian is a north-south reference line used in the rectangular survey system, also called the government survey system. Each principal meridian intersects an east-west base line, and townships and ranges are measured from that intersection. Range lines run parallel to the meridian, and ranges are counted east or west of it. The system is used mainly in states outside the original colonies.
- Exam tip
- Meridians run north-south and ranges are counted east or west of them. Base lines run east-west and townships are counted north or south of them.
- Example
- A legal description reading "Township 2 North, Range 3 West of the Fifth Principal Meridian" locates land relative to that meridian.
Related terms & state variants
Sources
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Last verified: 2026-10-23