law

environmental impact statement

An environmental impact statement is a detailed report describing how a proposed project may affect the environment, including air, water, wildlife, traffic, and noise, and what alternatives or mitigation measures exist. Under federal law, it is required for major federal projects or federally funded actions, and many states and localities require similar reports for large private developments. It helps officials decide whether and how a project should proceed.

Exam tip
Remember that the federal requirement is triggered by federal involvement or funding. It is a planning and disclosure tool, not a permit by itself.
Example
Before a federally funded airport expansion, the agency prepares an environmental impact statement analyzing noise and wetland impacts.

Related terms & state variants

Sources

Source verification pending. Confirm current requirements with your state regulator.

Last verified: 2026-10-23